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New Island ((スペイン語:Isla de Goicoechea)) is one of the Falkland Islands, lying north of Beaver Island. It is from Stanley and is long with an average width of . The highest point is . The northern and eastern coasts have high cliffs but the eastern coasts are lower lying, with rocky shores and sandy bays. There are several smaller offshore islands in the group; North Island and Saddle Island have high cliffs but Ship Island and Cliff Knob Island are lower lying.〔 Long used as a base for whaling, as a sheep farm and for occasional attempts to collect guano, New Island is considered by some to be one of the most beautiful islands in the Falklands archipelago, as well as having possibly the most diverse range of wildlife in the region. It is a nature reserve, established by Ian Strange in 1972. A settlement lies in the middle of the east coast of the island, some distance north of an airstrip. ==History== New Island was one of the earliest of the Falkland Islands to be colonised, and American whalers may have arrived as early as the 1770s. Two place names on or near the island, Coffin's Harbour and Coffin's Island, commemorate the Coffin family of Nantucket. Nearby Quaker, Barclay, Fox and Penn islands reflect the New England and Quaker provenance of some of the earliest settlers. In 1813, Captain Charles H. Barnard, from Nantucket, was marooned with his crew on the island.〔(New Island history )〕 They survived on the island for two years, and constructed a crude stone building, which is probably incorporated into the Barnard Building, the oldest standing building in the Falklands and now a museum restored in 2006. In December 1814 ''Indispensable'', William Buckle, master, and ''Asp'', John Kenny, master, rescued them.〔Headland (1989), p. 104.〕 In 1823, Antarctic explorer Captain James Weddell anchored at the island, and commented on its excellent harbours and its natural food and water supplies. In the 1850s and 60s, the island's guano deposits were mined. The Norwegian whaling company ''Ørnen'', controlled by Christen Christensen of Sandefjord, sent the first modern floating whaling factory, ''Admiralen'', to New Island in 1905. The vessel arrived on 24 December, but during one month of operation only 40 whales (24 fin, 12 sei, 3 sperm, and 1 humpback) were caught.〔Adie, Susan and Bjørn L. Basberg. "The first Antarctic whaling season of ''Admiralen'' (1905-1906): the diary of Alexander Lange". ''Polar Record'' (2009) 45 (234): 243-263.〕 ''Admiralen'' proceeded to Admiralty Bay in the South Shetland Islands to look for blue and right whales, thus becoming the first floating factory to operate in the Antarctic. From 1908, the Scottish company Chr. Salvesen operated a land based whaling station under the name ''New Whaling Company''. A transport vessel and a whale catcher arrived on 22 December and brought a decommissioned land station from Fáskrúðsfjörður in Iceland. The first whale was caught on 16 January 1909, with 226 whales (215 sei) being caught the first season. Results were unsatisfactory though, with the station last operating in 1915. Of the reported catch, over 900 were sei whales (about two-thirds of the total). Remains of the station is still visible.〔 The island holds the shipwreck of a sealing vessel, the ''Protector III'', which beached in 1969. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New Island」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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